RHEL: XFS basic operations

RHEL: XFS basic operations

# Tested on RHEL 6 & 7

# XFS filesystem supports up to 16 EiB filesystems and up to 8 EiB and directory structures
# holding tens of millions entries.
# On the other hand it is a single node filesystem. It comes integrated in RHEL 7, in order
# to use it on RHEL 6 we need a subscription to the Scalable File System Add-ON.

# Although XFS file system supports up to 16 EiB, Red Hat only supports filesystems up to
# 100 TiB

# Other limitations of XFS is that it's less suited for single threads creating and deleting
# a large number of small files; in addition it uses about twice CPU resources that ext4 so
# under those circumstances it is better to use ext4 filesystems.

# In general XFS is best suited for large systems with fast storage.

# As already indicated, to use XFS filesystems we need the "Scalable Filesystems" group /
# 'xfsprogs' package



# Create an xfs filesystem
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

mkfs.xfs /dev/sdd2


# If we know storage parameters, we can specify chunk size ('su', stripe unit) and/or
# stripe width ('sw') in order to improve xfs fs performance. For example, to create an xfs
# file system with a stripe-unit size of 32 KB and 4 units per stripe, we will specify:

mkfs.xfs -d su=32k,sw=4 /dev/sdd2

   meta-data=/dev/sdd2              isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=655352 blks
            =                       sectsz=512   attr=2
   data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2621408, imaxpct=25
            =                       sunit=8      swidth=32 blks
   naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0
   log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
            =                       sectsz=512   sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
   realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0




# External journal
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# By default xfs store journal internally. As synchronous metadata writes to the journal
# must complete successfully before any associated data such a layout can lead to disk
# contention. To improve performance we can consider placing journal on a separate physical
# device. To create an external journal, use the "-l logdev=device,size=size" option during
# xfs creation. If we omit the size parameter, mkfs.xfs selects a size based on the size
# of the file system.

mkfs.xfs -l logdev=/dev/sde2 /dev/sdd2




# Mount an xfs F.S. without/with external journal
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# by editing /etc/fstab

   /dev/datavg/lv_xfsdata     /myxfs      xfs   defaults        0 0


# or

   /dev/datavg/lv_xfsdata     /myxfs      xfs   logdev=/dev/datavg/lvxfsjournal     0 0



# via 'mount' command

mount /dev/datavg/lv_xfsdata /myxfs

# or

mount -o logdev=/dev/datavg/lv_xfsjournal /dev/datavg/lv_xfsdata   /myxfs





# Grow an xfs filesystem
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 1.- We CANNOT grow an unmounted xfs
# 2.- An xfs filesystem CANNOT be shrunk

# We can increase the size of a XFS file system if there is enough space on the underlying
# device. If necessary, increase the size of the logical volume (or disk partition or LUN
# and make changes visible to the system).

df -h /myxfs
   Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   /dev/sdf1             2.0G   33M  2.0G   2% /myxfs


# To specify the final size of the xfs, we use the '-D' option. The size is expressed in
# filesystem blocks. With a default block size of 4096 bytes, to grow our xfs up to 3 GiB:

# 3 GiB = 3221225472 byte = 786432 blocks

xfs_growfs  -D 786432 /myxfs
   meta-data=/dev/sdf1              isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=131530 blks
            =                       sectsz=512   attr=2
   data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=526120, imaxpct=25
            =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
   naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0
   log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
            =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
   realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
   data blocks changed from 526120 to 786432

df -h /myxfs
   Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   /dev/sdf1             3.0G   33M  3.0G   2% /myxfs

#
To grow the xfs to the largest size possible:

xfs_growfs -d /myxfs


df -h /myxfs
   Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   /dev/sdf1              10G   33M   10G   1% /myxfs




# Reduce an xfs filesystem
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Unfortunately, it is not possible to reduce an xfs filesystem




# Repair an xfs when file system is not cleanly unmounted, ...
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

xfs_repair [ -l <logdev> ] /dev/sdd2

# An xfs file system with a dirty log cannot be repaired. To clear out the log you can
# mount, then unmount. If this fails try '-L' option to xfs_repair to force clear the
# log (as a last resort as it may result in a data corruption)




# Display/modify label and UUID of an xfs
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Display existing label:

xfs_admin -l /dev/sde
   label = ""

# Set a new label (filesystem has to be unmounted):

xfs_admin -L "NewLabel" /dev/sde
   writing all SBs
   new label = "NewLabel"


# Display existing UUID:

xfs_admin -u /dev/sde
   UUID = 51b11165-c59d-44a6-8f4e-3616aaf79a4d

# Generate a new UUID
(filesystem has to be unmounted):

xfs_admin -U generate /dev/sde
   Clearing log and setting UUID
   writing all SBs
   new UUID = a05ff818-dc74-4d59-aff8-92b360c2a2ed


# Clear the UUID
(filesystem has to be unmounted):

xfs_admin -U nil /dev/sde
   Clearing log and setting UUID
   writing all SBs
   new UUID = 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000


# Let's see what happens if we try to mount an xfs with a nil UUID:

mount /dev/sde /xfs01
   mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sde,
          missing codepage or helper program, or other error
          In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
          dmesg | tail  or so

dmesg | tail -1
   XFS (sde): Filesystem has nil UUID - can't mount




# Defragmenting an xfs
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

xfs_fsr /dev/sdd2

# To defragment a single file run xfs_fsr <path_to_file>

# If no option is given to 'xfs_fsr' command it will defragment all the xfs on the server.
# Since this can potentially be a very long running operation the 'xfs_fsr' tool will
# stop after a number of seconds specified with the '-t' option (by default 7200 seconds,
# this is 2 hours)
0 (0)
Article Rating (No Votes)
Rate this article
Attachments
There are no attachments for this article.
Comments
There are no comments for this article. Be the first to post a comment.
Full Name
Email Address
Security Code Security Code
Related Articles RSS Feed
LOGROTATE – ARCHIWIAZACJA LOGÓW
Viewed 1579 times since Fri, Nov 30, 2018
Understanding logrotate utility part 1
Viewed 1400 times since Fri, Nov 30, 2018
Linux - How to unlock and reset user’s account
Viewed 3362 times since Fri, Jun 8, 2018
How To: Linux Hard Disk Encryption With LUKS [ cryptsetup Command ]
Viewed 6899 times since Fri, Jul 13, 2018
How to mount software RAID1 member using mdadm
Viewed 2658 times since Wed, Oct 3, 2018
Red Hat Cluster Tutorial
Viewed 1712 times since Sun, Jun 3, 2018
RHEL: udev rules basics
Viewed 7454 times since Sat, Jun 2, 2018
OpenSSL: Check SSL Certificate Expiration Date and More
Viewed 5937 times since Mon, Feb 18, 2019
OEL 7 – How to disable IPv6 on Oracle Linux 7 – Follow Up
Viewed 9001 times since Wed, Jul 25, 2018
KONTO SFTP Z CHROOTEM Z UŻYCIEM OPENSSH-SERVER NA CENTOS/RHEL6
Viewed 1441 times since Fri, Nov 30, 2018